The Scientific Revolution, which took place during the 16th and 17th centuries, laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment period that followed. During this time, groundbreaking scientific discoveries and theories challenged long-held beliefs and established a new approach to acquiring knowledge based on reason and observation.

One of the key figures of the Scientific Revolution was Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe. His theory gained widespread acceptance and helped pave the way for a more rational and empirical approach to scientific inquiry.

Another significant development was Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. Newton's laws of motion and his explanation of gravitational forces revolutionized the understanding of physics and encouraged scholars to seek out natural laws governing the universe.

These scientific advancements had a profound impact on the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment thinkers embraced the notion that reason and empirical evidence should be used to understand the natural world and solve societal problems. They believed that through careful observation and experimentation, humans could uncover the universal laws that governed everything around them, including politics, society, and human behavior.

The ideas of the Scientific Revolution also influenced the Enlightenment's emphasis on progress and optimism. The belief that the world could be understood and improved through applied reason and knowledge fueled the Enlightenment thinkers' confidence in humanity's ability to create a more rational and enlightened society.