The New Deal introduced several social welfare programs that aimed to alleviate poverty, provide jobs, and develop infrastructure. One of the key initiatives was the Social Security Act, which was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. This act established a system of social insurance, providing benefits to the elderly, the unemployed, and people with disabilities. Social security payments are funded through payroll taxes, ensuring that workers contribute to their own future financial security. The Social Security Act remains a crucial component of the American welfare system to this day.

Another significant program was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). This initiative offered employment to young, unemployed men in conservation and natural resource projects. Through the CCC, participants not only received a wage, but they also gained valuable skills and contributed to the development of national parks, forests, and recreational areas. The CCC provided young men with jobs and a sense of purpose, while also leading to the preservation and improvement of public lands and natural resources.

Furthermore, during the New Deal era, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established. The TVA was a federally-owned corporation tasked with developing the resources of the Tennessee Valley region, which was severely affected by poverty and lack of infrastructure. The TVA constructed dams, improved navigation along the Tennessee River, and generated hydroelectric power. This not only created jobs but also brought electricity to rural and underserved areas. The TVA's efforts in regional development and providing affordable electricity had a positive impact on the local economy and quality of life.