When it comes to testing software, there are various techniques and strategies that can be employed to ensure thorough and effective testing. Let's explore some of the most common ones:

1. White-box Testing

White-box testing, also known as clear-box testing or structural testing, involves examining the internal workings of the software. By understanding the code and the logic behind it, testers can design test cases that target specific branches and paths in the code. This technique helps uncover any errors or bugs within the code itself.

Example:

def calculate_discount(price, discount):
    if price >= 100:
        return price - discount
    else:
        return price