The electromagnetic spectrum refers to the range of electromagnetic waves, which include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. Each type of wave has unique properties and applications.

Radio waves: These waves have the longest wavelengths and are commonly used for communication, such as AM and FM radio broadcasts. They also play a vital role in wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.

Microwaves: With shorter wavelengths, microwaves are used in microwave ovens for cooking food. They are also utilized in telecommunications and satellite communications.

Infrared: Infrared waves have even shorter wavelengths and are known for their ability to detect heat. They are utilized in remote controls, thermal imaging cameras, and even for medical applications such as infrared saunas.

Visible light: The only part of the spectrum that is visible to the human eye, visible light waves range from red to violet. They enable us to perceive our surroundings and are used in photography, fiber optic communication, and lighting systems.