Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that deals with the study of electric charges and their interaction with magnetic fields. It forms the foundation of many technological advancements and everyday devices we use.

In electromagnetism, the fundamental concept is that of electric charges, which can be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. The strength of the interaction between charges is determined by the Coulomb's law, which states that the force between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This relationship helps us understand how charges interact and how electric fields are created.

A magnetic field, on the other hand, is created by moving electric charges or intrinsic magnetic properties of certain materials called magnets. Magnetic fields have both magnitude and direction. The behavior of magnetic fields can be described using the right-hand rule, which shows the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor or a magnet.

The relationship between electric charges and magnetic fields is established through the concept of electromagnetism. Moving electric charges create magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields induce electric currents. This interaction is described by the laws of electromagnetism, which can be mathematically expressed through Maxwell's equations.