AP Computer Science Exam Question:

public class ControlFlowQuestion {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean condition1 = true;
        boolean condition2 = false;
        int number = 5;

        // Perform control flow operations using if-else statements
        if (condition1) {
            System.out.println("Condition 1 is true.");
        } else if (condition2) {
            System.out.println("Condition 2 is true.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Neither condition is true.");
        }

        // Perform control flow operation using switch statement
        switch (number) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("The number is 1.");
                break;
            case 2:
                System.out.println("The number is 2.");
                break;
            case 3:
                System.out.println("The number is 3.");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("The number is not 1, 2, or 3.");
                break;
        }
    }
}

Explain the output of the code above, step-by-step.

Answer with Explanation:

The provided code demonstrates control flow operations using if-else and switch statements. Let's go through the code step-by-step to understand the output:

1. Three variables are declared and initialized:

   • condition1 is a boolean variable initialized as true.
   • condition2 is a boolean variable initialized as false.
   • number is an integer variable initialized as 5.

2. The if-else statement checks condition1. Since condition1 is true, the code inside the if block executes and prints "Condition 1 is true." to the console. The else if condition is skipped since condition1 is true.

3. The switch statement checks the value of number. The switch expression is 5. Since no case matches the value 5, the default case block executes and prints "The number is not 1, 2, or 3." to the console.

Therefore, the output of the code will be:

Condition 1 is true.
The number is not 1, 2, or 3.

This is because condition1 is true and number is not 1, 2, or 3.