GraphQL itself does not define a specific authentication or authorization mechanism. However, it provides hooks and flexibility to integrate with various authentication systems. Common approaches include using JWT (JSON Web Tokens) for authentication, checking user permissions in resolvers, and using directives to control access to fields based on user roles or permissions. It's important to consider security best practices when implementing authentication and authorization in your GraphQL API.
Remember to always validate and sanitize user input to prevent security vulnerabilities.