The Age of Imperialism in Africa refers to the period from the late 19th century to the early 20th century when European powers, such as Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Italy, colonized and controlled various parts of the African continent. There were several motives that drove European imperialism in Africa, including economic, political, and social factors.

Economically, European countries sought to exploit Africa's abundant natural resources, such as rubber, diamonds, gold, and ivory. These resources were valuable commodities in the industrialized nations of Europe and provided a significant economic incentive for colonial expansion.

Politically, the competition among European powers played a crucial role in driving imperialism in Africa. The conquest and control of African territories were seen as a symbol of national pride and power. It allowed European nations to extend their spheres of influence and assert dominance over their rivals.

Socially, the ideologies of European superiority and the belief in the mission of civilizing 'inferior' societies also influenced the scramble for African territories. European imperialists argued that they were bringing progress, Christianity, and European values to the 'dark' continent, justifying their actions through the lens of humanitarianism and cultural superiority.

These economic, political, and social factors led to intense competition among European powers, resulting in the scramble for African territories. This period marked a significant turning point in African history, as it shaped the continent's future trajectory and had far-reaching consequences for its people and societies.