During the Gilded Age, social inequality and labor issues became significant problems in American society. As industries boomed and the economy thrived, a noticeable gap began to form between the wealthy elite and the working class. The wealthy industrialists, known as the 'Robber Barons,' accumulated immense wealth, while the majority of workers faced low wages, long working hours, and dangerous working conditions.

One of the major labor issues of the time was the rise of labor unions. Workers formed unions to fight for better wages, working conditions, and greater bargaining power. The American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, played a crucial role in organizing workers and advocating for their rights. Strikes and protests were common during this period, with notable events such as the Haymarket Affair in 1886 and the Pullman Strike in 1894.

Another noteworthy aspect of the Gilded Age was the influx of immigrants who sought employment opportunities. Many immigrants faced exploitation and discrimination in the workplace, exacerbating the social inequality. They often took on the most labor-intensive and dangerous jobs for little pay.

The social inequality and labor issues during the Gilded Age laid the groundwork for future reforms and movements. They sparked a growing awareness of the dire need for worker protections and social reforms. The labor struggles and the plight of the working class contributed to the emergence of progressive movements and the fight for fair labor practices, which eventually led to the establishment of labor laws and regulations in the 20th century.