Web components provide us with the ability to encapsulate our HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, making it easier to build reusable and modular components. One of the key features that enable this encapsulation is the Shadow DOM.

The Shadow DOM is a separate DOM tree that is attached to a web component, allowing us to encapsulate the component's styles and markup from the rest of the page. This means that the styles we define within a web component will not interfere with the styles of other elements on the page, and vice versa.

To use the Shadow DOM in a web component, we can create a shadow root using the attachShadow method. For example:

class MyComponent extends HTMLElement {
  constructor() {
    super();

    const shadowRoot = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
    // Attach HTML content and styles to the shadow root
  }
}