Question:

A solid object has a mass of 0.5 kg and is initially at a temperature of 20°C. The object is heated with 150 J of energy until its temperature reaches 80°C.

1. Calculate the change in temperature of the object.
2. Determine the specific heat capacity of the material the object is made of, given that the energy required to heat 1 kg of the material by 1°C is 400 J/kg°C.

Answer:

1. To calculate the change in temperature of the object, we can use the formula:

   Q = mcΔT

   where Q is the heat energy transferred to the object, m is the mass of the object, c is the specific heat capacity of the material, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

   Here, Q = 150 J, m = 0.5 kg, and we need to find ΔT.

   Rearranging the formula, we have:

   ΔT = Q / mc

   Substituting the given values, we get:

   ΔT = 150 J / (0.5 kg * c)

2. To determine the specific heat capacity of the material, we need to rearrange the formula and solve for c:

   c = Q / (m * ΔT)

   Substituting the given values, we get:

   c = 150 J / (0.5 kg * (80°C - 20°C))

   Solving the equation, we get:

   c = 150 J / (0.5 kg * 60°C) = 5 J/kg°C

   Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the material the object is made of is 5 J/kg°C.

   Thus, the change in temperature of the object is $80°C - 20°C = 60°C$, and the specific heat capacity of the material is $5 \, \mathrm{J/kg°C}$.