Sure, here's an AP Gov exam question on political ideologies:

Question: Explain the main differences between liberalism and socialism as political ideologies. Provide detailed examples to illustrate your answer.

Answer: Liberalism and socialism are two distinct political ideologies that have different principles and goals.

Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, democracy, and free-market capitalism. It promotes the idea that individuals should have the freedom to pursue their own interests, with limited interference from the government. Liberals believe in the importance of personal liberties, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to private property. For example, in the United States, the Democratic Party often aligns with liberal ideology, advocating for policies such as universal healthcare, LGBTQ rights, and environmental protection.

On the other hand, socialism is a political ideology that prioritizes social and economic equality, often advocating for government intervention in the economy to address inequalities and provide for the needs of all citizens. Socialists believe that essential services, such as healthcare, education, and housing, should be guaranteed and provided by the government. Additionally, socialists advocate for progressive taxation and government ownership of key industries to ensure that wealth is distributed more equitably among the population. For instance, the Labour Party in the United Kingdom embraces socialist principles, advocating for policies like nationalizing railways and providing free college education.

In summary, the main difference between liberalism and socialism lies in their approach to individual rights and government intervention in the economy. While liberalism places a heavy emphasis on individual freedoms and limited government involvement in the economy, socialism focuses on collective welfare and advocates for significant government control and support in economic matters.