Maxwell's equations are fundamental equations that describe the behavior of electromagnetic fields. They provide a unified framework for understanding the interplay between electric and magnetic fields. Four equations make up Maxwell's equations:
Gauss' law for electric fields states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the total charge enclosed. This equation helps us understand the relationship between electric fields and electric charges.
Gauss' law for magnetic fields tells us that the magnetic flux through a closed surface is always zero. This equation suggests that magnetic monopoles do not exist and that magnetic fields are always generated by currents or changing electric fields.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction explains how a changing magnetic field induces an electric field. It states that the induced electromotive force (emf) is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux.
Ampere's law with Maxwell's addition introduces a term known as the displacement current. This term accounts for the changing electric field, allowing for the creation and propagation of electromagnetic waves.
With Maxwell's equations, we can fully describe the behavior of electric and magnetic fields and their interaction, leading to a unified theory of electromagnetism.