Nuclear power plants employ various safety measures to ensure the safe operation of nuclear fission reactions. One vital safety feature is the use of control rods, which are made of materials that absorb neutrons. By inserting these control rods into the nuclear reactor, the number of neutrons available for sustaining the chain reaction can be reduced, effectively controlling the rate of fission. This allows operators to adjust the power output of the reactor according to the demand for electricity.

Another critical safety consideration is the containment system. In the event of an accident, such as a loss of cooling or an unexpected power surge, the containment system provides a protective barrier to prevent the release of radioactive materials into the environment. It is typically designed to withstand extreme conditions, including earthquakes and severe weather events.

Nuclear meltdowns are rare incidents that can occur if the reactor is not properly controlled. When the reactor fuel rods become overheated, the fuel can melt, potentially leading to the release of radioactive materials. To minimize the risk of nuclear meltdowns, safety protocols include redundant shutdown systems, emergency coolant systems, and regular inspections and maintenance of the reactors.