The Age of Imperialism refers to the period from the late 19th century to the early 20th century when European powers, such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Belgium, established colonies and exerted control over vast territories in Africa. This era was characterized by intense competition among European nations to acquire resources, expand markets, and gain geopolitical influence. The imperial powers justified their actions through various ideologies, such as the 'White Man's Burden' and the idea of spreading civilization and Christianity.

The impact of imperialism on Africa was profound. The continent faced political, economic, and social disruption as indigenous political systems were replaced by European control, natural resources were exploited for the benefit of colonial powers, and African societies were subjected to racial discrimination and cultural suppression. The repercussions of this period continue to shape Africa’s history, politics, and socio-economic development to this day.