Interference and diffraction are fundamental concepts in physics that help explain the behavior of waves. They play a crucial role in various disciplines, including optics, acoustics, and quantum mechanics. Interference occurs when two or more waves overlap, leading to constructive or destructive interference. Diffraction refers to the bending and spreading out of waves when they encounter an obstacle or aperture.

These phenomena have numerous applications in everyday life. For instance, interference is responsible for the vibrant colors seen in soap bubbles and oil slicks. It is also utilized in optical devices, such as anti-reflective coatings on eyeglasses, where destructive interference is used to reduce glare. Diffraction is employed in various technologies like X-ray crystallography, which allows scientists to determine the structure of molecules, and in the design of concert halls to achieve optimal acoustics.

Understanding interference and diffraction is essential in comprehending wave behavior and is a cornerstone of physics.