Sound is a mechanical wave that travels through a medium, such as air, water, or solids. It is caused by the vibrations of objects which create pressure waves in the surrounding air particles. These pressure waves then travel through the medium, reaching our ears and allowing us to perceive sound. The physics behind sound involves several key concepts and variables:

• Frequency: The frequency of a sound wave refers to the number of vibrations or cycles it completes in one second, and is measured in Hertz (Hz). Higher frequencies result in higher-pitched sounds, while lower frequencies produce lower-pitched sounds.

• Wavelength: The wavelength of a sound wave is the distance between two consecutive points of the same phase, such as two compressions or two rarefactions. It is represented by the Greek letter lambda (λ) and is usually measured in meters (m). The relationship between wavelength and frequency is inversely proportional.

• Amplitude: The amplitude of a sound wave corresponds to the maximum displacement of particles caused by the wave. It determines the volume or intensity of the sound. Larger amplitude waves produce louder sounds, while smaller amplitude waves produce softer sounds.

Understanding these concepts allows us to describe and analyze the properties of sound waves, as well as their behavior and interactions with the environment.