Voter ID laws, which require voters to present identification before casting their ballots, have been a contentious issue in the United States for over a decade. Proponents argue that these laws are necessary to prevent voter fraud and increase confidence in the electoral process, while opponents claim they disproportionately disenfranchise certain groups of citizens, including low-income individuals, people of color, and the elderly.

One of the main criticisms of voter ID laws is that they can create barriers to voting for marginalized communities. Obtaining a government-issued ID can be difficult and costly, particularly for those who lack access to transportation or birth certificates. In addition, some states have implemented strict requirements for what constitutes acceptable forms of ID, such as requiring a photo ID or proof of citizenship. This can lead to situations where eligible voters are turned away at the polls because they do not have the required documentation.

Another concern is that voter ID laws can be used as a tool for voter suppression. Some states have implemented stricter ID requirements in response to allegations of widespread voter fraud, despite evidence showing that this type of fraud is extremely rare. In fact, a study by the Brennan Center for Justice found that, out of the 40 million votes cast in the 2016 general election, there were only 4 documented cases of voter impersonation fraud. Opponents argue that voter ID laws are a solution in search of a problem, and that they undermine the fundamental right to vote guaranteed by the Constitution.