Title: How HTTPS Works
In this post, we'll take a deep dive into how HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) works and the role of SSL/TLS protocols in establishing a secure connection between a client and a server.
When a client (such as a web browser) wants to establish a secure connection with a server, it initiates a handshake process. During this process, the client and server exchange messages to agree on encryption algorithms and generate session keys for secure communication.
ClientHello: The client initiates the handshake by sending a "ClientHello" message, which includes the supported SSL/TLS versions, cipher suites, and any additional information the server needs to know.
ServerHello: In response to the ClientHello, the server sends a "ServerHello" message, selecting the highest SSL/TLS version that both the client and server support. The server also sends its digital certificate at this stage.
Authentication and Key Exchange: The client authenticates the server's digital certificate to ensure the server is who it claims to be. The client and server then agree on a key exchange algorithm to securely establish a shared secret key for encryption.
Encryption: Once the key exchange is completed, the client and server begin encrypted communication using the agreed-upon algorithms and the shared secret key.
The encrypted communication between the client and server is facilitated by SSL/TLS protocols, which provide privacy and data integrity.
Encryption: SSL/TLS protocols use symmetric encryption to secure data transmission. This means that data is encrypted using a shared key known only to the client and server, ensuring that it cannot be intercepted and read by unauthorized parties.
Digital Certificates: Digital certificates are used for server authentication and to establish trust between the client and server. These certificates are issued by Certificate Authorities (CAs) and contain the server's public key, its identity, and other relevant information.
In conclusion, HTTPS leverages SSL/TLS protocols to establish a secure and encrypted connection between clients and servers. The handshake process, encryption, and digital certificates play crucial roles in ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted over the internet. In the next post, we will delve into the different types of SSL/TLS certificates available and their use cases.