Buoyancy, the upward force experienced by objects submerged in a fluid, is influenced by several factors. The two primary factors affecting buoyancy are the volume and density of the fluid.

The volume of the fluid plays a key role in determining the buoyant force. According to Archimedes' principle, an object immersed in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. Hence, if the volume of the fluid increases, the buoyant force acting on the object increases as well.

The density of the fluid is another crucial factor. Objects with higher densities than the fluid they are immersed in will sink, while objects with lower densities will float. This can be explained by considering the balance of forces: the weight of the object exerts a downward force, while the buoyant force acts in the opposite direction. If the weight is greater than the buoyant force, the object sinks; if the buoyant force is greater, the object floats.

Additional factors that can affect buoyancy include the shape and size of the object. Objects with irregular shapes may experience variations in buoyant force due to differences in fluid resistance. Similarly, for objects of the same material and volume, larger objects will displace more fluid and experience a greater buoyant force compared to smaller ones.