Question:

Given the following code snippet:

public class VariablesAndConstants {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final int x = 5;
        int y = x + 3;
        double z = 2 * y + Math.sqrt(x);
        System.out.println("The value of z is: " + z);
    }
}

What will be the output of the code? Explain the execution step by step.

(A) The value of z is: 18.0
(B) The value of z is: 19.0
(C) The value of z is: 20.0
(D) The value of z is: 21.0

Answer:

The correct answer is (B) The value of z is: 19.0.

Explanation of the execution step by step:

1. The variable x is declared and initialized with the value of 5 using the final keyword, making it a constant.
2. The variable y is declared and assigned the value of x + 3, which is 8.
3. The variable z is declared and assigned the value of 2 * y + Math.sqrt(x).
   • 2 * y evaluates to 2 * 8, which is 16.
   • Math.sqrt(x) evaluates to the square root of x, which is the square root of 5.
   • Therefore, z will be equal to 16 + sqrt(5).
4. The statement System.out.println("The value of z is: " + z); prints the string "The value of z is: " concatenated with the value of z.
5. The output will be "The value of z is: 19.0".