The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and plays a vital role in the functioning of American democracy. Comprising two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, it is responsible for making and passing laws, exercising oversight over the executive branch, and representing the interests of the American people.
The House of Representatives, referred to as the "people's house," is composed of 435 members, each serving a two-year term. The number of representatives from each state is determined based on its population. On the other hand, the Senate consists of 100 senators, with two senators representing each state. Senators have six-year terms, providing for more stability and longer-term policy planning.
Congress is entrusted with the power to initiate legislation, approve the federal budget, and oversee the executive branch's actions. Its committees and subcommittees conduct hearings, conduct investigations, and create reports on a wide range of issues. Furthermore, Congress serves as a forum for debating policy ideas, promoting compromise, and representing the diversity of interests within the nation.
Though the U.S. Congress remains a foundational institution of American democracy, its functioning is not without its criticisms. Many point to partisan gridlock and the influence of money in politics as major challenges that hinder the legislative process. However, despite these challenges, the U.S. Congress remains a central force in shaping the nation's laws, representing its citizenry, and ensuring a system of checks and balances within the federal government.