Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation is a fundamental principle in physics that describes the gravitational force between two objects. The law states that the force of gravitational attraction between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Mathematically, this can be expressed as follows:

F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2

Where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant (approximately 6.67430 x 10^-11 N.m^2/kg^2), m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers.

Let's consider an example to better understand this concept. Imagine two objects: a 1 kg mass and a 2 kg mass, separated by a distance of 3 meters. Using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, we can calculate the gravitational force between them as follows:

F = (6.67430 x 10^-11 N.m^2/kg^2) * ((1 kg) * (2 kg)) / (3 meters)^2

From this calculation, we find that the gravitational force between the two objects is approximately 3.72 x 10^-11 Newtons.

It's important to note that Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation applies not only to objects on Earth but also to objects in space. This law helps us understand planetary motion, satellite orbits, and the interactions between celestial bodies.