Question:

Explain the concept of wave-particle duality in the context of quantum theory. Provide an example to illustrate this phenomenon.

Answer:

The concept of wave-particle duality is a fundamental principle of quantum theory that states that particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. This duality implies that particles can behave as waves under certain conditions, and vice versa.

One example of wave-particle duality is the double-slit experiment. In this experiment, a beam of light or a stream of particles is directed towards a barrier with two narrow slits. When the particles pass through the slits and hit a screen on the other side, an interference pattern is observed, similar to what would be expected if light were a wave. However, when individual particles are detected, they appear to behave as discrete particles, hitting the screen at specific points. This duality demonstrates that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior simultaneously.

The wave-like behavior of particles is described by their waveform, which can show interference and diffraction effects. On the other hand, the particle-like behavior is characterized by the individual interactions of particles with detectors or screens.

In summary, the wave-particle duality of quantum theory posits that particles can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, depending on the conditions of the experiment.

Explanation:

The explanation centers around the fundamental concept of wave-particle duality in quantum theory, and it provides a specific example to illustrate this phenomenon. It describes how particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties, and discusses the double-slit experiment as a clear demonstration of this duality. The explanation also briefly touches upon the wave-like behavior of particles and their individual interactions with detectors or screens. This answer serves as a basic introduction to the concept of wave-particle duality in quantum theory.