The New Deal introduced several programs aimed at providing relief for struggling farmers and improving agricultural practices. Two key initiatives were the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) and the Farm Security Administration (FSA).

The AAA, enacted in 1933, sought to address the overproduction of agricultural goods and combat falling crop prices. It introduced a system of production controls and price stabilization measures. Farmers who agreed to reduce their production received government subsidies. By reducing supply, the AAA aimed to increase demand and stabilize prices.

On the other hand, the FSA, established in 1935, aimed to improve the living conditions of rural Americans, especially farmers. It provided low-interest loans, technical assistance, and education programs to help farmers improve their farming practices and overcome the challenges of the Great Depression. Additionally, the FSA established resettlement communities and loaned money to farmers to buy land and equipment.

These programs had a significant impact on American agriculture. For example, the AAA successfully raised crop prices and provided immediate financial relief to farmers. However, some critics argued that it contributed to increased inequality as larger farms benefited more from the subsidies. The FSA, on the other hand, improved farm practices, introduced soil conservation measures, and helped many farmers recover from the effects of the Dust Bowl.