The Gilded Age refers to the period in American history from the late-19th to early 20th century, characterized by economic growth, industrialization, and an extreme wealth disparity. It is known as the 'Gilded' Age because on the surface, America appeared to be prosperous and successful, resembling gold or jewels, but beneath this shiny exterior, there were numerous socio-economic problems.

During this era, the United States experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization. Major themes of the Gilded Age include the rise of big business, political corruption, the struggle for labor rights, and social inequality.

One key event that marks the beginning of the Gilded Age is the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869. This massive infrastructure project connected the East and the West Coast, leading to improved transportation and increased trade across the country. Another major event of the Gilded Age is the creation of massive industrial empires, such as Andrew Carnegie's steel empire and John D. Rockefeller's oil empire.