Ancient Greece experienced several significant wars and conquests throughout its history, ultimately leading to its decline as an independent civilization. One of the most notable conflicts was the Persian Wars, which occurred between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire in the 5th century BCE. The Persian Empire, led by kings such as Darius and Xerxes, sought to expand their territory and exert control over the Greek city-states. However, the Greeks, united under the leadership of Athens and Sparta, successfully repelled the Persian invasions.

Another major conflict was the Peloponnesian War, fought between Athens and Sparta from 431 to 404 BCE. This war pitted the two leading city-states against each other in a power struggle for dominance in Greece. The war ended with the victory of Sparta and marked a significant blow to the power and influence of Athens in the region.

However, the conquest that ultimately led to the decline of Ancient Greece was the rise of the Macedonian Empire under King Philip II and his son, Alexander the Great. Philip II successfully united various Greek city-states under Macedonian rule, and Alexander the Great went on to conquer vast territories, including Persia, Egypt, and parts of India. Although Alexander's empire spread Greek culture and ideas across these conquered lands, the city-states of Greece themselves lost their independence and gradually came under the control of foreign powers.